We often think that an injury to the brain is irreversible, but science tells us that our brains have tremendous regenerative capabilities. An example being the ability to form new neurons and glial cells, in a process referred to as neurogenesis. Our brains are also able to form new connections and alter older ones through multiple processes, including synapse formation and elimination, dendritic remodeling, axonal sprouting, and pruning. These capabilities are collectively called neuroplasticity.
This informs us that in mild to moderate brain injury cases, and with the right rehabilitation, we can often repair our brains and in effect, reverse the damage. For example, if someone has suffered a mild frontal lobe injury from a car accident and developed issues with focus and concentration, with the appropriate rehabilitation, he/she has significant potential to improve. It is important to note that the healthier the baseline functioning of the brain, the better the neuroplasticity.
Neuroplasticity weakens as we age. This weakening is further exacerbated by neurological insults to our brains, such as the use of substances (i.e. Alcohol, tobacco), comorbid conditions (i.e. Depression), and exposure to neurotoxins and free radicals.
Much like other muscles in our body, the brain needs stimulation and repetition. If you don’t use it, you’ll lose it! As a golden rule of thumb, for rehabilitation of the brain, timely intervention is of the essence. Generally, the best recovery will occur in the first 6 to 12 months from the brain injury. It is therefore crucial to prioritize brain rehabilitation immediately after any brain damage.